MakeItFrom.com
Menu (ESC)

Spheroidized and Cold Drawn (+AC+C) 1.7321 Steel

EN 1.7321 +AC+C steel is EN 1.7321 steel in the spheroidized and cold-drawn condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.7321 +AC+C steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

170

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

11 %

Fatigue Strength

280 MPa 40 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Reduction in Area

64 %

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

350 MPa 50 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

580 MPa 84 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

450 MPa 65 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

410 °C 780 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2670 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2590 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

45 W/m-K 26 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

13 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.2 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.3 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

2.5 % relative

Density

7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.5 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

20 MJ/kg 8.7 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

50 L/kg 5.9 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

60 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

530 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

20 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

20 points

Thermal Diffusivity

12 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

17 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 97.1 to 98.4
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.7 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0.4 to 0.5
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0.3 to 0.6
Carbon (C)C 0.17 to 0.23
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.025
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.025

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

EN 10263-3: Steel rod, bars and wire for cold heading and cold extrusion - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for case hardening steels

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996

Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005

Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015