UNS C94900 Leaded Nickel-Tin Bronze
C94900 bronze is a bronze formulated for casting. Cited properties are appropriate for the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. It has a fairly high electrical conductivity and a moderately high melting temperature among cast bronzes.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare C94900 bronze to: cast bronzes (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
110 GPa 16 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
17 %
Poisson's Ratio
0.34
Shear Modulus
41 GPa 5.9 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
300 MPa 43 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
130 MPa 18 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
190 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
170 °C 340 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
980 °C 1800 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
910 °C 1660 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
370 J/kg-K 0.088 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Expansion
18 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
14 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
14 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
32 % relative
Density
8.8 g/cm3 550 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
3.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
55 MJ/kg 23 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
350 L/kg 42 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
41 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
72 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
6.9 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
18 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
9.4 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
11 points
Thermal Shock Resistance
11 points
Alloy Composition
Among cast copper alloys, the composition of C94900 bronze is notable for containing comparatively high amounts of lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni). Lead is used to improve machinability and bearing properties, at the cost of toxicity. It also adds pressure tightness to castings. Nickel is used to improve strength (particularly at elevated temperatures) and corrosion resistance. It also creates the need for additional care during casting.
| Cu | 79 to 81 | |
| Ni | 4.0 to 6.0 | |
| Sn | 4.0 to 6.0 | |
| Pb | 4.0 to 6.0 | |
| Zn | 4.0 to 6.0 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Sb | 0 to 0.25 | |
| Mn | 0 to 0.1 | |
| S | 0 to 0.080 | |
| P | 0 to 0.050 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| Al | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.8 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, ASM Handbook vol. 2, ASM International, 1993