Warm Worked (+WW) 1.4945 Stainless Steel
EN 1.4945 +WW steel is EN 1.4945 stainless steel in the warm worked condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.4945 +WW steel to: wrought austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
220
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 29 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
19 %
Fatigue Strength
350 MPa 50 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
77 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
460 MPa 66 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
740 MPa 110 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
550 MPa 80 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
290 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
520 °C 960 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
920 °C 1680 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1490 °C 2710 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1440 °C 2620 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
14 W/m-K 8.1 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
17 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.9 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
3.2 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
30 % relative
Density
8.1 g/cm3 510 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
5.0 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
73 MJ/kg 31 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
150 L/kg 18 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
23
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
130 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
760 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
25 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
22 points
Thermal Diffusivity
3.7 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
16 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 57.9 to 65.7 | |
| Ni | 15.5 to 17.5 | |
| Cr | 15.5 to 17.5 | |
| W | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| Nb | 0.4 to 1.2 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.5 | |
| Si | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| N | 0.060 to 0.14 | |
| C | 0.040 to 0.1 | |
| P | 0 to 0.035 | |
| S | 0 to 0.015 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
EN 10302: Creep resisting steels, nickel and cobalt alloys
EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012
Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002
Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984
Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010