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2024 Aluminum vs. ASTM A232 Spring Steel

2024 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A232 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2024 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A232 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
190
Elongation at Break, % 4.0 to 16
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 90 to 180
1040
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
73
Shear Strength, MPa 130 to 320
1090
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 200 to 540
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 100 to 490
1610

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 200
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 500
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 880
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 120
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 30
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 90
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 11
2.3
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.3
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 1140
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 20 to 68
250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 50
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 25 to 49
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 46
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 8.6 to 24
53

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 90.7 to 94.7
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
0.8 to 1.1
Copper (Cu), % 3.8 to 4.9
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.5
96.8 to 97.7
Magnesium (Mg), % 1.2 to 1.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.9
0.7 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.035
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.15
0
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0 to 0.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0