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2024 Aluminum vs. ASTM A387 Grade 91 Class 2

2024 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A387 grade 91 class 2 belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2024 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 91 class 2.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
190
Elongation at Break, % 4.0 to 16
20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 90 to 180
330
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
75
Shear Strength, MPa 130 to 320
420
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 200 to 540
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 100 to 490
470

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
270
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 200
600
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 500
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 880
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 120
26
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 30
8.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 90
10

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 11
7.0
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.3
2.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
37
Embodied Water, L/kg 1140
88

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 20 to 68
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 70 to 1680
580
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 50
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 25 to 49
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 46
6.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 8.6 to 24
19

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 90.7 to 94.7
0 to 0.020
Carbon (C), % 0
0.080 to 0.12
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
8.0 to 9.5
Copper (Cu), % 3.8 to 4.9
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.5
87.3 to 90.3
Magnesium (Mg), % 1.2 to 1.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.9
0.3 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.85 to 1.1
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.4
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0.060 to 0.1
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.030 to 0.070
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0.2 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.15
0 to 0.010
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.18 to 0.25
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0 to 0.2
0 to 0.010
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0