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1050 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 4140 Steel

1050 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 4140 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 1050 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4140 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 68
190
Elongation at Break, % 4.6 to 37
11 to 26
Fatigue Strength, MPa 31 to 57
360 to 650
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 26
73
Shear Strength, MPa 52 to 81
410 to 660
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 76 to 140
690 to 1080
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 25 to 120
590 to 990

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 170
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 650
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 230
43
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 24
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 61
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 200
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
2.4
Density, g/cm3 2.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.3
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 160
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 1200
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 5.4 to 22
74 to 180
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 4.6 to 110
920 to 2590
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 50
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 7.8 to 14
25 to 38
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 15 to 22
22 to 30
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 94
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 3.4 to 6.2
20 to 32

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 99.5 to 100
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.38 to 0.43
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.8 to 1.1
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.050
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.4
96.8 to 97.8
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.050
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.050
0.75 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.15 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.25
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.030
0
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 0.050
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.050
0

Comparable Variants