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2011 Aluminum vs. ASTM Grade HD Steel

2011 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2011 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HD steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
200
Elongation at Break, % 8.5 to 18
9.1
Fatigue Strength, MPa 74 to 120
140
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 310 to 420
590
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 140 to 310
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 390
310
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 190
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 640
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 540
1370
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 870
490
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 140 to 170
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 35 to 45
2.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 100 to 130
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 11
17
Density, g/cm3 3.1
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.9
3.1
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
45
Embodied Water, L/kg 1150
180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 29 to 52
44
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 140 to 680
180
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 44
26
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27 to 37
21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 32 to 40
20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 51 to 64
4.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 19
19

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 91.3 to 94.6
0
Bismuth (Bi), % 0.2 to 0.6
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.5
Chromium (Cr), % 0
26 to 30
Copper (Cu), % 5.0 to 6.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.7
58.4 to 70
Lead (Pb), % 0.2 to 0.6
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0 to 1.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
4.0 to 7.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.4
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.3
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0