ASTM Grade HD (28Cr-5Ni, J93005) Cast Stainless Steel
ASTM grade HD steel is a ferritic stainless steel formulated for casting. Cited properties are appropriate for the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. HD is the ASTM designation for this material. J93005 is the UNS number. And 28Cr-5Ni is the common industry name.
It has the highest base cost among cast ferritic stainless steels. In addition, it has the lowest electrical conductivity and the lowest thermal conductivity.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM grade HD steel to: cast ferritic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 29 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
9.1 %
Fatigue Strength
140 MPa 20 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.27
Shear Modulus
80 GPa 12 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
590 MPa 85 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
270 MPa 39 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
310 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
460 °C 850 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
1100 °C 2010 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1410 °C 2570 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1370 °C 2490 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
490 J/kg-K 0.12 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
16 W/m-K 9.2 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
11 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.1 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.5 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
17 % relative
Density
7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
3.1 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
45 MJ/kg 19 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
180 L/kg 21 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
29
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
44 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
180 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
15 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
26 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
21 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
20 points
Thermal Diffusivity
4.3 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
19 points
Alloy Composition
Among cast stainless steels, the composition of ASTM grade HD steel is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of chromium (Cr). Chromium is the defining alloying element of stainless steel. Higher chromium content imparts additional corrosion resistance.
| Fe | 58.4 to 70 | |
| Cr | 26 to 30 | |
| Ni | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 2.0 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.5 | |
| C | 0 to 0.5 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.5 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 | |
| S | 0 to 0.040 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A297: Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application
Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012
Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002
Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984
Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996
ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010