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2014 Aluminum vs. ACI-ASTM CF3M Steel

2014 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ACI-ASTM CF3M steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2014 aluminum and the bottom bar is ACI-ASTM CF3M steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 72
200
Elongation at Break, % 1.5 to 16
55
Fatigue Strength, MPa 90 to 160
270
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
78
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 190 to 500
520
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 100 to 440
260

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
300
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 210
990
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 630
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 510
1430
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 870
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 150
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
15

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 40
2.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 120
2.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 11
19
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.1
3.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
53
Embodied Water, L/kg 1130
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 6.6 to 56
240
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 76 to 1330
170
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 46
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 25 to 46
18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 58
4.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 8.4 to 22
12

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 90.4 to 95
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
17 to 21
Copper (Cu), % 3.9 to 5.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.7
59.9 to 72
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.2 to 0.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.4 to 1.2
0 to 1.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
2.0 to 3.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
9.0 to 13
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.5 to 1.2
0 to 1.5
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.15
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0 to 0.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0