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2014 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI 1080 Steel

2014 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1080 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 2014 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1080 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 72
190
Elongation at Break, % 1.5 to 16
11
Fatigue Strength, MPa 90 to 160
300 to 360
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
72
Shear Strength, MPa 130 to 290
460 to 520
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 190 to 500
770 to 870
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 100 to 440
480 to 590

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 400
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 210
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 630
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 510
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 870
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 150
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 40
9.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 120
11

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 11
1.8
Density, g/cm3 3.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.1
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 1130
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 6.6 to 56
80 to 84
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 76 to 1330
610 to 920
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 46
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 46
27 to 31
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 25 to 46
24 to 26
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 58
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 8.4 to 22
25 to 29

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 90.4 to 95
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.75 to 0.88
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.1
0
Copper (Cu), % 3.9 to 5.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.7
98.1 to 98.7
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.2 to 0.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.4 to 1.2
0.6 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.5 to 1.2
0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.15
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.25
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0 to 0.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0