2025 Aluminum vs. Grade 16 Titanium
2025 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while grade 16 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is 2025 aluminum and the bottom bar is grade 16 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 15 | |
| 23 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 130 | |
| 240 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 27 | |
| 38 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 240 | |
| 250 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 400 | |
| 400 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 | |
| 340 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 400 | |
| 420 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 190 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 640 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 520 | |
| 1610 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 870 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 150 | |
| 22 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 23 | |
| 9.2 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 40 | |
| 3.6 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 120 | |
| 7.2 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 3.0 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 7.9 | |
| 36 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 150 | |
| 600 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 1130 | |
| 230 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 55 | |
| 86 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 450 | |
| 550 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 46 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 37 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 40 | |
| 27 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 58 | |
| 8.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 18 | |
| 29 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 90.9 to 95.2 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 3.9 to 5.0 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.4 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0 | |
| 0.040 to 0.080 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.5 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 98.8 to 99.96 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |