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2025 (2025-T6) Aluminum

2025 aluminum is a 2000-series aluminum alloy: the main alloying addition is copper, and it is formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the T6 temper. To achieve this temper, the metal is solution heat-treated and artificially aged until it meets standard mechanical property requirements. 2025 is the Aluminum Association (AA) designation for this material. In European standards, it will be given as EN AW-2025. Additionally, the UNS number is A92025.

It has been in use since 1921, but has only received its standard designation in 1954.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 2025 aluminum to: 2000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

110

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

72 GPa 10 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

15 %

Fatigue Strength

130 MPa 18 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.33

Shear Modulus

27 GPa 3.9 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

240 MPa 35 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

400 MPa 59 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

260 MPa 37 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

400 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

190 °C 380 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

640 °C 1180 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

520 °C 970 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

870 J/kg-K 0.21 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

150 W/m-K 89 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

23 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

40 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

120 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

10 % relative

Density

3.0 g/cm3 190 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

7.9 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

150 MJ/kg 64 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

1130 L/kg 140 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

55 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

450 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

46 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

37 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

40 points

Thermal Diffusivity

58 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

18 points

Alloy Composition

Among wrought aluminum alloys, the composition of 2025 aluminum is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of copper (Cu). Copper is used to improve strength. This comes at the cost of a decrease in corrosion resistance and weldability.

Aluminum (Al)Al 90.9 to 95.2
Copper (Cu)Cu 3.9 to 5.0
Silicon (Si)Si 0.5 to 1.2
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.4 to 1.2
Iron (Fe)Fe 0 to 1.0
Zinc (Zn)Zn 0 to 0.25
Titanium (Ti)Ti 0 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0 to 0.1
Magnesium (Mg)Mg 0 to 0.050
Residualsres. 0 to 0.15

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

ASTM B247: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Die Forgings, Hand Forgings, and Rolled Ring Forgings

Iron in Aluminium Alloys: Impurity and Alloying Element, N. A. Belov et al., 2002

Aluminum Standards and Data, Aluminum Association Inc., 2013