2219-T81 Aluminum vs. 2219-T851 Aluminum
Both 2219-T81 aluminum and 2219-T851 aluminum are variants of the same material. They share alloy composition and many physical properties, but develop different mechanical properties as a result of different processing.
For each property being compared, the top bar is 2219-T81 aluminum and the bottom bar is 2219-T851 aluminum.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
| 72 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 8.0 | |
| 7.8 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 27 | |
| 27 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 270 | |
| 270 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 470 | |
| 460 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 350 | |
| 340 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 390 | |
| 390 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 230 | |
| 230 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 640 | |
| 640 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 540 | |
| 540 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 870 | |
| 870 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 120 | |
| 120 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 22 | |
| 22 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 29 | |
| 30 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 85 | |
| 86 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 11 | |
| 11 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 3.1 | |
| 3.1 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 8.2 | |
| 8.2 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 150 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 1130 | |
| 1130 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 34 | |
| 33 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 840 | |
| 800 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 44 | |
| 44 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 41 | |
| 41 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 43 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 45 | |
| 45 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 21 | |
| 20 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 91.5 to 93.8 | |
| 91.5 to 93.8 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 5.8 to 6.8 | |
| 5.8 to 6.8 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.2 to 0.4 | |
| 0.2 to 0.4 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0.020 to 0.1 | |
| 0.020 to 0.1 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.050 to 0.15 | |
| 0.050 to 0.15 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0.1 to 0.25 | |
| 0.1 to 0.25 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |