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4007 Aluminum vs. ASTM A372 Grade B Steel

4007 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while ASTM A372 grade B steel belongs to the iron alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is 4007 aluminum and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade B steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 32 to 44
180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
190
Elongation at Break, % 5.1 to 23
20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 46 to 88
240
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
73
Shear Strength, MPa 80 to 90
380
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 130 to 160
600
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 50 to 120
350

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 410
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 170
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 650
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 590
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 890
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 170
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 23
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 42
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 140
8.2

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
1.8
Density, g/cm3 2.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 8.1
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 1160
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 7.4 to 23
100
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 18 to 110
330
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 49
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 12 to 15
21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20 to 23
20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 67
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 5.5 to 6.7
19

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 94.1 to 97.6
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0 to 0.35
Chromium (Cr), % 0.050 to 0.25
0
Cobalt (Co), % 0 to 0.050
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.2
0
Iron (Fe), % 0.4 to 1.0
97.9 to 99.85
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.2
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.8 to 1.5
0 to 1.4
Nickel (Ni), % 0.15 to 0.7
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 1.0 to 1.7
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.1
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.1
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0