ACI-ASTM CD4MCu Steel vs. ASTM Grade HD Steel
Both ACI-ASTM CD4MCu steel and ASTM grade HD steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 95% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ACI-ASTM CD4MCu steel and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HD steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 18 | |
| 9.1 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 340 | |
| 140 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 79 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 770 | |
| 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 550 | |
| 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 300 | |
| 310 |
| Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C | 450 | |
| 460 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1410 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1380 | |
| 1370 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 17 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.2 | |
| 2.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.5 | |
| 2.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 18 | |
| 17 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.5 | |
| 3.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 49 | |
| 45 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 32 | |
| 29 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 130 | |
| 44 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 760 | |
| 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 26 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 | |
| 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 4.5 | |
| 4.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 21 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 24.5 to 26.5 | |
| 26 to 30 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 2.8 to 3.3 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 59.9 to 66.3 | |
| 58.4 to 70 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 1.8 to 2.3 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.8 to 6.0 | |
| 4.0 to 7.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |