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AISI 321 Stainless Steel vs. Grade 12 Titanium

AISI 321 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 12 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 321 stainless steel and the bottom bar is grade 12 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 170 to 210
170
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
110
Elongation at Break, % 34 to 50
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 220 to 270
280
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 77
39
Shear Strength, MPa 420 to 460
330
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 590 to 690
530
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 220 to 350
410

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 290
420
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 870
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1430
1660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1400
1610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
540
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
21
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 17
9.6

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.4
3.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.7
6.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 16
37
Density, g/cm3 7.8
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.2
31
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 45
500
Embodied Water, L/kg 140
110

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 190 to 230
110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 130 to 310
770
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21 to 25
32
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20 to 22
32
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.1
8.5
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 13 to 15
37

Alloy Composition


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Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 17 to 19
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 65.3 to 74
0 to 0.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.2 to 0.4
Nickel (Ni), % 9.0 to 12
0.6 to 0.9
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.1
0 to 0.030
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.045
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.75
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.7
97.6 to 99.2
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4