AISI 416 Stainless Steel vs. 3004 Aluminum
AISI 416 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 3004 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 416 stainless steel and the bottom bar is 3004 aluminum.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 230 to 320 | |
| 45 to 83 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 70 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 13 to 31 | |
| 1.1 to 19 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 230 to 340 | |
| 55 to 120 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 76 | |
| 26 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 340 to 480 | |
| 100 to 180 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 to 800 | |
| 170 to 310 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 290 to 600 | |
| 68 to 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 400 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 680 | |
| 180 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1530 | |
| 650 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1480 | |
| 630 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 900 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 30 | |
| 160 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.9 | |
| 24 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.9 | |
| 42 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 3.3 | |
| 140 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 7.0 | |
| 9.5 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 2.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.9 | |
| 8.3 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 27 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 1180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 98 to 140 | |
| 3.2 to 27 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 220 to 940 | |
| 33 to 540 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 50 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 to 29 | |
| 18 to 31 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 to 25 | |
| 25 to 37 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.1 | |
| 65 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 to 30 | |
| 7.6 to 13 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 95.6 to 98.2 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 12 to 14 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 83.2 to 87.9 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0 | |
| 0.8 to 1.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.3 | |
| 1.0 to 1.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.060 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |