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AISI 416 Stainless Steel vs. AISI 304Cu Stainless Steel

Both AISI 416 stainless steel and AISI 304Cu stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 82% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 416 stainless steel and the bottom bar is AISI 304Cu stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 230 to 320
160
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 13 to 31
45
Fatigue Strength, MPa 230 to 340
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 76
76
Shear Strength, MPa 340 to 480
370
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 510 to 800
530
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 290 to 600
210

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
290
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C 390
420
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 680
930
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1530
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1480
1370
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 30
13
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 9.9
16

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.9
2.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 3.3
2.8

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 7.0
16
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.9
3.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 27
43
Embodied Water, L/kg 100
150

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 13
18
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 98 to 140
190
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 220 to 940
110
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 29
19
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 25
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.1
3.5
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19 to 30
12

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.15
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 12 to 14
17 to 19
Copper (Cu), % 0
3.0 to 4.0
Iron (Fe), % 83.2 to 87.9
63.9 to 72
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.3
0 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
8.0 to 10
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.060
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 1.0
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.030