AISI 416 Stainless Steel vs. ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel
Both AISI 416 stainless steel and ASTM A387 grade 12 steel are iron alloys. They have 87% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 416 stainless steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 230 to 320 | |
| 140 to 160 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 13 to 31 | |
| 25 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 230 to 340 | |
| 190 to 230 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 76 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 340 to 480 | |
| 300 to 330 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 to 800 | |
| 470 to 520 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 290 to 600 | |
| 260 to 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 680 | |
| 430 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1530 | |
| 1470 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1480 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 30 | |
| 44 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.9 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.9 | |
| 7.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 3.3 | |
| 8.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 7.0 | |
| 2.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.9 | |
| 1.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 27 | |
| 21 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 51 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 13 | |
| 2.7 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 98 to 140 | |
| 98 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 220 to 940 | |
| 180 to 250 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 to 29 | |
| 16 to 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 to 25 | |
| 17 to 18 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.1 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 to 30 | |
| 14 to 15 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0.050 to 0.17 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 12 to 14 | |
| 0.8 to 1.2 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 83.2 to 87.9 | |
| 97 to 98.2 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.3 | |
| 0.4 to 0.65 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.45 to 0.6 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.060 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.4 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |