AISI 416 Stainless Steel vs. SAE-AISI D4 Steel
Both AISI 416 stainless steel and SAE-AISI D4 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is AISI 416 stainless steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 13 to 31 | |
| 8.4 to 15 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 230 to 340 | |
| 310 to 920 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 76 | |
| 74 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 340 to 480 | |
| 460 to 1210 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 to 800 | |
| 760 to 2060 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 290 to 600 | |
| 470 to 1540 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 270 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1530 | |
| 1430 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1480 | |
| 1380 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 30 | |
| 31 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.9 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.9 | |
| 4.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 3.3 | |
| 5.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 7.0 | |
| 8.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.9 | |
| 3.3 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 27 | |
| 49 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 100 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 13 | |
| 15 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 98 to 140 | |
| 100 to 160 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 to 29 | |
| 27 to 75 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 to 25 | |
| 24 to 47 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.1 | |
| 8.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 to 30 | |
| 23 to 63 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 2.1 to 2.4 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 12 to 14 | |
| 11 to 13 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 83.2 to 87.9 | |
| 80.6 to 86.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.3 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 1.2 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.060 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |