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ASTM A182 Grade F12 Class 2 vs. ASTM A182 Grade F23

Both ASTM A182 grade F12 class 2 and ASTM A182 grade F23 are iron alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A182 grade F12 class 2 and the bottom bar is ASTM A182 grade F23.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 180
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 22
22
Fatigue Strength, MPa 220
320
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 34
46
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
74
Shear Strength, MPa 340
360
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 540
570
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 310
460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
450
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1500
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 43
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.8
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.8
7.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.6
2.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 21
36
Embodied Water, L/kg 52
59

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 2.8
5.7
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 100
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 260
550
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 19
20
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16
17

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.030
Boron (B), % 0
0.0010 to 0.0060
Carbon (C), % 0.1 to 0.2
0.040 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.3
1.9 to 2.6
Iron (Fe), % 96.4 to 98.3
93.2 to 96.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.8
0.1 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.44 to 0.65
0.050 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.4
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0.020 to 0.080
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.015
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.1 to 0.6
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.0050 to 0.060
Tungsten (W), % 0
1.5 to 1.8
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.2 to 0.3