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ASTM A182 Grade F23 vs. ASTM A182 Grade F12 Class 2

Both ASTM A182 grade F23 and ASTM A182 grade F12 class 2 are iron alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A182 grade F23 and the bottom bar is ASTM A182 grade F12 class 2.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 22
22
Fatigue Strength, MPa 320
220
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 46
34
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
73
Shear Strength, MPa 360
340
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 570
540
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 460
310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 450
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1500
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1450
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
43
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.8
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.9
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 7.0
2.8
Density, g/cm3 8.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.5
1.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 36
21
Embodied Water, L/kg 59
52

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 5.7
2.8
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
100
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 550
260
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20
19
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 17
16

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0 to 0.030
0
Boron (B), % 0.0010 to 0.0060
0
Carbon (C), % 0.040 to 0.1
0.1 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 1.9 to 2.6
0.8 to 1.3
Iron (Fe), % 93.2 to 96.2
96.4 to 98.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.1 to 0.6
0.3 to 0.8
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.050 to 0.3
0.44 to 0.65
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.4
0
Niobium (Nb), % 0.020 to 0.080
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.015
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0.1 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.040
Titanium (Ti), % 0.0050 to 0.060
0
Tungsten (W), % 1.5 to 1.8
0
Vanadium (V), % 0.2 to 0.3
0