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ASTM A182 Grade F23 vs. ASTM A229 Spring Steel

Both ASTM A182 grade F23 and ASTM A229 spring steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 95% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A182 grade F23 and the bottom bar is ASTM A229 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
490 to 550
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 22
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 320
710 to 790
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
72
Shear Strength, MPa 360
1020 to 1140
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 570
1690 to 1890
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 460
1100 to 1230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 450
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1500
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1450
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
50
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.8
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.9
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 7.0
1.8
Density, g/cm3 8.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.5
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 36
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 59
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
200 to 230
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 550
3260 to 4080
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20
60 to 67
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19
40 to 43
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 17
54 to 60

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0 to 0.030
0
Boron (B), % 0.0010 to 0.0060
0
Carbon (C), % 0.040 to 0.1
0.55 to 0.85
Chromium (Cr), % 1.9 to 2.6
0
Iron (Fe), % 93.2 to 96.2
97.5 to 99
Manganese (Mn), % 0.1 to 0.6
0.3 to 1.2
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.050 to 0.3
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.4
0
Niobium (Nb), % 0.020 to 0.080
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.015
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti), % 0.0050 to 0.060
0
Tungsten (W), % 1.5 to 1.8
0
Vanadium (V), % 0.2 to 0.3
0