ASTM A182 Grade F23 vs. ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel
Both ASTM A182 grade F23 and ASTM A387 grade 21 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A182 grade F23 and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 190 | |
| 150 to 180 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 22 | |
| 21 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 160 to 250 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
| 74 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 360 | |
| 310 to 370 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 570 | |
| 500 to 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 460 | |
| 230 to 350 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 260 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 450 | |
| 480 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1500 | |
| 1470 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1450 | |
| 1430 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 41 | |
| 41 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.8 | |
| 7.6 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.9 | |
| 8.8 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 7.0 | |
| 4.1 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.0 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.5 | |
| 1.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 36 | |
| 23 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 59 | |
| 62 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 5.7 | |
| 6.4 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 120 | |
| 84 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 550 | |
| 140 to 320 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 20 | |
| 18 to 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 19 | |
| 18 to 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 11 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 17 | |
| 14 to 17 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Boron (B), % | 0.0010 to 0.0060 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.040 to 0.1 | |
| 0.050 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 1.9 to 2.6 | |
| 2.8 to 3.3 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 93.2 to 96.2 | |
| 94.4 to 96 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.1 to 0.6 | |
| 0.3 to 0.6 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.050 to 0.3 | |
| 0.9 to 1.1 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0.020 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0.0050 to 0.060 | |
| 0 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 1.5 to 1.8 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |