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ASTM A227 Spring Steel vs. AWS E312

Both ASTM A227 spring steel and AWS E312 are iron alloys. They have 59% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A227 spring steel and the bottom bar is AWS E312.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 12
25
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1720 to 2220
740

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
310
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1360
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
15

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
20
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
3.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
52
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
200

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 61 to 79
27
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 41 to 48
24
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 55 to 71
18

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.45 to 0.85
0 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0
28 to 32
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.75
Iron (Fe), % 97.4 to 99.1
52.3 to 63.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.3
0.5 to 2.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.75
Nickel (Ni), % 0
8.0 to 10.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030