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ASTM A227 Spring Steel vs. Grade M35-1 Nickel

ASTM A227 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade M35-1 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A227 spring steel and the bottom bar is grade M35-1 nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
160
Elongation at Break, % 12
28
Fatigue Strength, MPa 900 to 1160
130
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
62
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1720 to 2220
500
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1430 to 1850
190

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
900
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1280
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1240
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
430
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
22
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
3.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
3.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
55
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
8.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
120
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
250

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 260
110
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
10
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
21
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 61 to 79
16
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 41 to 48
16
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
5.7
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 55 to 71
17

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.45 to 0.85
0 to 0.35
Copper (Cu), % 0
26 to 33
Iron (Fe), % 97.4 to 99.1
0 to 3.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.3
0 to 1.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
59.8 to 74
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.3
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030