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ASTM A227 Spring Steel vs. C94400 Bronze

ASTM A227 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C94400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A227 spring steel and the bottom bar is C94400 bronze.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 500 to 640
55
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
100
Elongation at Break, % 12
18
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.35
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
37
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1720 to 2220
220
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1430 to 1850
110

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
180
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
150
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
940
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
790
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
350
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
19

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
10
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
9.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
32
Density, g/cm3 7.8
9.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
3.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
54
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
390

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 260
33
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
6.1
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
17
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 61 to 79
6.8
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 41 to 48
9.0
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
17
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 55 to 71
8.3

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Antimony (Sb), % 0
0 to 0.8
Carbon (C), % 0.45 to 0.85
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
76.1 to 84
Iron (Fe), % 97.4 to 99.1
0 to 0.15
Lead (Pb), % 0
9.0 to 12
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.3
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 1.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.050
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.0050
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.080
Tin (Sn), % 0
7.0 to 9.0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.8