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ASTM A229 Spring Steel vs. ASTM A182 Grade F23

Both ASTM A229 spring steel and ASTM A182 grade F23 are iron alloys. They have a very high 95% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A229 spring steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A182 grade F23.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 490 to 550
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
22
Fatigue Strength, MPa 710 to 790
320
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
74
Shear Strength, MPa 1020 to 1140
360
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1690 to 1890
570
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1100 to 1230
460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
450
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1500
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
7.8
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
8.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
7.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
36
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
59

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 230
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 3260 to 4080
550
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60 to 67
20
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40 to 43
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 54 to 60
17

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.030
Boron (B), % 0
0.0010 to 0.0060
Carbon (C), % 0.55 to 0.85
0.040 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0
1.9 to 2.6
Iron (Fe), % 97.5 to 99
93.2 to 96.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.2
0.1 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.050 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.4
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0.020 to 0.080
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.015
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.0050 to 0.060
Tungsten (W), % 0
1.5 to 1.8
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.2 to 0.3