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ASTM A229 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4621 Steel

Both ASTM A229 spring steel and SAE-AISI 4621 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A229 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4621 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 490 to 550
150
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
27
Fatigue Strength, MPa 710 to 790
270
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
73
Shear Strength, MPa 1020 to 1140
320
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1690 to 1890
500
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1100 to 1230
360

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
46
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
7.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
3.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
22
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
50

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 230
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 3260 to 4080
340
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60 to 67
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40 to 43
18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 54 to 60
15

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.55 to 0.85
0.18 to 0.23
Iron (Fe), % 97.5 to 99
96.1 to 97.1
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.2
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.2 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.7 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.040