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ASTM A229 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI D2 Steel

Both ASTM A229 spring steel and SAE-AISI D2 steel are iron alloys. They have 85% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A229 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI D2 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
5.0 to 16
Fatigue Strength, MPa 710 to 790
310 to 860
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
75
Shear Strength, MPa 1020 to 1140
460 to 1160
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1690 to 1890
760 to 2000
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1100 to 1230
470 to 1510

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
270
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1390
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
31
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
4.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
5.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
8.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
3.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
50
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
100

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 200 to 230
92 to 100
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 3260 to 4080
570 to 5940
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60 to 67
27 to 72
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40 to 43
24 to 46
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
8.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 54 to 60
25 to 67

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.55 to 0.85
1.4 to 1.6
Chromium (Cr), % 0
11 to 13
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 97.5 to 99
81.3 to 86.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 1.2
0 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.7 to 1.2
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0
0 to 1.1

Comparable Variants