SAE-AISI D2 (T30402) Chromium Cold-Work Steel
SAE-AISI D2 steel is a tool steel. D2 is the designation in both the SAE and AISI systems for this material. T30402 is the UNS number. It can have the highest ductility among the tool steels in the database.
The properties of SAE-AISI D2 steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare SAE-AISI D2 steel to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
5.0 to 16 %
Fatigue Strength
310 to 860 MPa 45 to 120 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
75 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
460 to 1160 MPa 67 to 170 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
760 to 2000 MPa 110 to 290 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
470 to 1510 MPa 68 to 220 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
270 J/g
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1440 °C 2620 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1390 °C 2540 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
31 W/m-K 18 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
11 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
4.3 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
5.1 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
8.0 % relative
Density
7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
3.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
50 MJ/kg 22 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
100 L/kg 12 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
15
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
92 to 100 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
570 to 5940 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
27 to 72 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
24 to 46 points
Thermal Diffusivity
8.3 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
25 to 67 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 81.3 to 86.9 | |
| Cr | 11 to 13 | |
| C | 1.4 to 1.6 | |
| Mo | 0.7 to 1.2 | |
| V | 0 to 1.1 | |
| Mn | 0 to 0.6 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.6 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.25 | |
| P | 0 to 0.030 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
SAE J437: Selection and Heat Treatment of Tool and Die Steels
ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy
Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998
Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015