EN 1.4931 (GX23CrMoV12-1) Cast Steel
EN 1.4931 steel is an alloy steel formulated for casting. Cited properties are appropriate for the quenched and tempered condition. 1.4931 is the EN numeric designation for this material. GX23CrMoV12-1 is the EN chemical designation.
It has the highest base cost among cast alloy steels. In addition, it has the highest electrical conductivity and the lowest thermal conductivity.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.4931 steel to: cast alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
240
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
17 %
Fatigue Strength
410 MPa 60 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
30 J 22 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
76 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
810 MPa 120 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
620 MPa 89 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
270 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
600 °C 1110 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2580 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
24 W/m-K 14 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
14 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
9.8 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
11 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
8.5 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.9 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
42 MJ/kg 18 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
100 L/kg 12 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
16
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
130 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
970 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
29 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
25 points
Thermal Diffusivity
6.5 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
22 points
Alloy Composition
Among cast alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.4931 steel is notable for including tungsten (W). Tungsten interacts with other alloying elements to a greater extent than usual, which makes it hard to broadly characterize its effects.
| Fe | 83.2 to 86.8 | |
| Cr | 11.3 to 12.2 | |
| Mo | 1.0 to 1.2 | |
| Mn | 0.5 to 0.8 | |
| Ni | 0 to 1.0 | |
| V | 0.25 to 0.35 | |
| W | 0 to 0.5 | |
| C | 0.2 to 0.26 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.4 | |
| P | 0 to 0.030 | |
| S | 0 to 0.020 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ISO 4991: Steel castings for pressure purposes
EN 10293: Steel castings - Steel castings for general engineering uses
Creep-Resistant Steels, Fujio Abe et al. (editors), 2008
Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015