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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. AISI 441 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and AISI 441 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 81% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is AISI 441 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
170
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
180
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
77
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
300
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
470
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
910
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
23
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
10

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.7
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
3.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
13
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
2.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
41
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
130

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
92
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
6.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
16

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
17.5 to 19.5
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
76 to 82.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 1.0
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0.3 to 0.9
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.030
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.1 to 0.5
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0