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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. AWS E70C-Ni2

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and AWS E70C-Ni2 are iron alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is AWS E70C-Ni2.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
27
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
560
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
450

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
3.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
22
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
140
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
20
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
17

Alloy Composition


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Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.35
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
94.1 to 98.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.3
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.8 to 2.8
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.9
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 0.030
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.5