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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. EN 1.0034 Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and EN 1.0034 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.0034 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
97 to 110
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
9.0 to 32
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
140 to 170
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
220 to 230
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
340 to 380
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
180 to 280

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
53
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
45

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
31 to 95
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
12 to 13
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
14 to 15
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
11 to 12

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
98.7 to 100
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 0.7
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.045
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0