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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. EN 1.4594 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and EN 1.4594 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 78% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.4594 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
11 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
490 to 620
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
76
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
620 to 700
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
1020 to 1170
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
810 to 1140

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
820
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
15
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
45
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
130

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
110 to 190
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
36 to 41
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
29 to 31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
4.4
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
34 to 39

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0 to 0.070
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
13 to 15
Copper (Cu), % 0
1.2 to 2.0
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
72.6 to 79.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
1.2 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
5.0 to 6.0
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0.15 to 0.6
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.7
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.015
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0