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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI 1023 Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and SAE-AISI 1023 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1023 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
130 to 140
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
17 to 29
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
180 to 270
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 46
46 to 56
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
280 to 300
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
430 to 480
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
240 to 410

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
53
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
6.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
45

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
77 to 100
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
15 to 17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
16 to 17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
14 to 15

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.2 to 0.25
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
99.06 to 99.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.3 to 0.6
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.050
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0