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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI 1090 Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and SAE-AISI 1090 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1090 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
220 to 280
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14
11
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1000
320 to 380
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 46
28 to 45
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Shear Strength, MPa 1080
470 to 570
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
790 to 950
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
520 to 610

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
240
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
50
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.2

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
82 to 91
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
28 to 34
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
24 to 27
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
25 to 31

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.85 to 1.0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
98 to 98.6
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.6 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.050
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0