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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. SAE-AISI H23 Steel

Both ASTM A231 spring steel and SAE-AISI H23 steel are iron alloys. They have 76% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI H23 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
760 to 1550

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
260
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1680
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1630
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
440
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
20
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
34
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
6.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
110
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
120

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
22
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
24 to 49
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
21 to 34
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
5.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
23 to 47

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.25 to 0.35
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
11 to 12.8
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
71.3 to 76.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.15 to 0.4
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Tungsten (W), % 0
11 to 12.8
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0.75 to 1.3