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ASTM A231 Spring Steel vs. C94400 Bronze

ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C94400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A231 spring steel and the bottom bar is C94400 bronze.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
55
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
100
Elongation at Break, % 14
18
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.35
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
37
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
220
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1570
110

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
180
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
150
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
940
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
790
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
350
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
19

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
10
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
9.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
32
Density, g/cm3 7.8
9.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
3.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
54
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
390

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 230
33
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
6.1
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
17
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
6.8
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
9.0
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
17
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
8.3

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Antimony (Sb), % 0
0 to 0.8
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
76.1 to 84
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
0 to 0.15
Lead (Pb), % 0
9.0 to 12
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 1.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.050
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.0050
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.080
Tin (Sn), % 0
7.0 to 9.0
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.8