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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. ASTM A182 Grade F12 Class 1

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and ASTM A182 grade F12 class 1 are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A182 grade F12 class 1.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
150
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
180
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 39
50
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 420
300
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
470
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
250

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
45
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
2.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
21
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
52

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
91
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
160
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
14

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0.050 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.8 to 1.3
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
96.8 to 98.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.3 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.44 to 0.65
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.045