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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. ASTM A182 Grade FR

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and ASTM A182 grade FR are iron alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A182 grade FR.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
170
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21
28
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
270
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 39
43
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Shear Strength, MPa 420
320
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
490
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
360

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
3.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
21
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
52

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
340
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
14

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0 to 0.2
Copper (Cu), % 0
0.75 to 1.3
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
95.2 to 97.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.4 to 1.1
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.6 to 2.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.050