ASTM A182 Grade FR (K22035) Steel
ASTM A182 grade FR is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the annealed condition. FR is the ASTM designation for this material. K22035 is the UNS number.
It has a fairly high thermal conductivity among wrought alloy steels in the same category. In addition, it has a very high ductility and a moderately low tensile strength.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM A182 grade FR to: wrought alloy steels in the same category (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
170
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
28 %
Fatigue Strength
270 MPa 39 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
43 %
Shear Modulus
72 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
320 MPa 46 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
490 MPa 71 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
360 MPa 52 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
410 °C 760 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2580 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
52 W/m-K 30 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.5 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.6 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
3.3 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.6 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
21 MJ/kg 9.0 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
52 L/kg 6.2 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
120 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
340 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
17 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
17 points
Thermal Diffusivity
14 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
14 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of ASTM A182 grade FR is notable for including copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni). Copper is used to improve corrosion resistance, and to add at least some degree of precipitation hardenability. Nickel is used to improve mechanical properties, and to make the alloy easier to heat treat.
| Fe | 95.2 to 97.3 | |
| Ni | 1.6 to 2.2 | |
| Cu | 0.75 to 1.3 | |
| Mn | 0.4 to 1.1 | |
| C | 0 to 0.2 | |
| S | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.045 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A182: Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service