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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. ASTM A356 Grade 2

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and ASTM A356 grade 2 are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A356 grade 2.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
150
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21
25
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 39
39
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
510
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1430
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.2

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
2.4
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
47

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
190
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
15

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
97.7 to 99.55
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 0.7
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.45 to 0.65
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030