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ASTM A356 Grade 2 vs. AISI 431 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A356 grade 2 and AISI 431 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 82% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A356 grade 2 and the bottom bar is AISI 431 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 25
15 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 200
430 to 610
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
77
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 510
890 to 1380
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
710 to 1040

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 410
850
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1510
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1430
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
26
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
2.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.2
3.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.4
9.0
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
2.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
31
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
120

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 110
140 to 180
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 190
1270 to 2770
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18
32 to 50
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18
27 to 36
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
7.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 15
28 to 43

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.25
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0
15 to 17
Iron (Fe), % 97.7 to 99.55
78.2 to 83.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.7
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.45 to 0.65
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.3 to 2.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030