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ASTM A356 Grade 8 vs. SAE-AISI 4320 Steel

Both ASTM A356 grade 8 and SAE-AISI 4320 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A356 grade 8 and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4320 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
160 to 240
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21
21 to 29
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
320
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 630
570 to 790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
430 to 460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 440
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1430
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 38
46
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.5
7.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.6
8.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 3.5
3.4
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
1.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 26
22
Embodied Water, L/kg 55
52

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 110
140 to 150
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 390
480 to 560
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 22
20 to 28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 21
19 to 24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 10
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18
19 to 27

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.2
0.17 to 0.22
Chromium (Cr), % 1.0 to 1.5
0.4 to 0.6
Iron (Fe), % 95.4 to 97.4
95.8 to 97
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 0.9
0.45 to 0.65
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.9 to 1.2
0.2 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.7 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.2 to 0.6
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0.050 to 0.15
0