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ASTM A372 Grade B Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4028 Steel

Both ASTM A372 grade B steel and SAE-AISI 4028 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade B steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4028 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 180
150 to 190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 20
14 to 23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 240
180 to 330
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 380
310 to 380
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 600
490 to 630
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 350
260 to 520

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
49
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.2
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
2.1
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
47

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 100
81 to 95
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 330
180 to 720
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21
17 to 22
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20
18 to 21
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
16 to 20

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.35
0.25 to 0.3
Iron (Fe), % 97.9 to 99.85
98.1 to 98.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.4
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.2 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0.035 to 0.050