ASTM A372 Grade D Steel vs. Nickel 690
ASTM A372 grade D steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while nickel 690 belongs to the nickel alloys.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade D steel and the bottom bar is nickel 690.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 250 | |
| 90 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 17 | |
| 3.4 to 34 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 340 | |
| 180 to 300 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 79 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 500 | |
| 420 to 570 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 810 | |
| 640 to 990 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 510 | |
| 250 to 760 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 320 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 1010 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1380 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1340 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 14 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 | |
| 1.5 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 | |
| 1.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.1 | |
| 50 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.3 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 | |
| 8.2 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 20 | |
| 120 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 48 | |
| 290 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 120 | |
| 31 to 170 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 700 | |
| 160 to 1440 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 29 | |
| 21 to 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 20 to 27 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 3.5 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 26 | |
| 16 to 25 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.4 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 27 to 31 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 97.1 to 97.9 | |
| 7.0 to 11 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 1.4 to 1.8 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.17 to 0.27 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 58 to 66 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |