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ASTM A372 Grade K Steel vs. AWS E33-31

Both ASTM A372 grade K steel and AWS E33-31 are iron alloys. They have a modest 35% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade K steel and the bottom bar is AWS E33-31.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
210
Elongation at Break, % 23
29
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
81
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 780
810

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1380
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1330
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
14

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.4
36
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
6.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 24
86
Embodied Water, L/kg 57
260

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 2.7
44
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.18
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 1.0 to 1.8
31 to 35
Copper (Cu), % 0
0.4 to 0.8
Iron (Fe), % 93.4 to 96.6
24.7 to 34.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.1 to 0.4
2.5 to 4.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.6
1.0 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 2.0 to 3.3
30 to 32
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.3 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.9
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.010