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ASTM A372 Grade K Steel vs. C94400 Bronze

ASTM A372 grade K steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C94400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade K steel and the bottom bar is C94400 bronze.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 230
55
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
100
Elongation at Break, % 23
18
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.35
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
37
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 780
220
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 620
110

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
180
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 440
150
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
940
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
790
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
350
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 48
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
19

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.8
10
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.9
9.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.4
32
Density, g/cm3 7.9
9.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
3.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 24
54
Embodied Water, L/kg 57
390

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 160
33
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1010
60
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
6.1
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
17
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27
6.8
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24
9.0
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
17
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23
8.3

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Antimony (Sb), % 0
0 to 0.8
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.18
0
Chromium (Cr), % 1.0 to 1.8
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
76.1 to 84
Iron (Fe), % 93.4 to 96.6
0 to 0.15
Lead (Pb), % 0
9.0 to 12
Manganese (Mn), % 0.1 to 0.4
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.6
0
Nickel (Ni), % 2.0 to 3.3
0 to 1.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.050
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.0050
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.080
Tin (Sn), % 0
7.0 to 9.0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.8